Fuel nozzle



Jan. 5 1926. v I 1,568,134

L. F. BURGER ET AL FUEL NOZZLE Filed Sept. 9, 1922 1 iilun lmy iiii iiiiii i.= ENE! a Iji fl] 25 10 15 7/ Ewan/50735;

' L.F Bzarger MZl/FfiozyeraZ Patented Jan. 5, 1926.

UNITED STATES, PATENT OFFICE.

LEOPOLD F. BURGER AND WILLIAM F. BORGERD, OF RIVERSIDE, ILLINOIS, ASSIGNORS COMPANY, OF CHICAGO, ILLINOIS, A CORPQRA- 'IO INTERNATIONAL HARVES'IER TION OF NEW JERSEY.

FUEL ivozznni Application filed September 9, 1922. Serial No. 587,255.

T 0 ull whom. it may concern:

Be it known that we, LEOPOLD F, BUR- cm: and \VILLIAM F. Bononm), citizens of the United States. and residents of Riverside, in the county of Cook and State of Illinois, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Fuel Nozzles, of which the following is a full, clear, and exact specification.

Our invention relates to fuel nozzles and particularly to a fuel nozzle adapted for airless injection of heavy fuel into the combustion chamber of a high compression in-' ternal combustion engine.

Fuel injection nozzles for internal combustion engines usually have a tapered valve controlling the passage of fuel through a correspondingly tapered aperture in the valve seat. The valve is opened. by the increasing fuel pressure in timed relation to the iston near the end of the compression period and closed by the pressure of a stifl spring as the fuel pressure again rapidly recedes. There are two very serious objections to valves of this type, namely, the high spring pressure on the valve necessary to produce positive closlocity is decreased below that necessar ing causes the valve to hammer down into" its seat in a short time if the tip is made of small enough'diameter to close without dripping, likewise if the contact area of the tip of the valve is made large enough to be durable in operation then it will drip in closing. At the time that the valve is approaching its seat the fuel between these two surfaces must be forced away; the space between the valve tip and its seat continues to decrease very rapidly after the injection pum) has reached the end of its stroke. The ist-ance which the fuel must travel through the remaining very narrow opening is comparatively long and offers very high resistance to the flow of fuel, so much so, that at a certain stage its veto throw it away from the discharge orifice, As a result it starts to collect at the orifice as a drop of liquid and is augmented by part of the remaining fuel between the'valve and its seat which is squashed out as the valve closes. These drops are of such size that they cannot be entirely burned during the working stroke but break down and leave a sticky deposit of carbon on the nozzle.

'piston is near the on It is the object of our invention, therefore, to provide a fuel injection nozzle in which there will be a clean, sharp cut-off of the fuel in closing and in which the bearing area of the valve on its-seat when closed will be so large that the valve will never hammer down in.

The above and other objects will be apparent to those skilled in the art from the following description of the embodiment of our invention shown in the accompanying drawings in which Fig. l is a longitudinal section through v the valve;

Fig. 2 is an enlarged sectional View of the discharge end; and

Fig. 3 is an end elevation of the valve or plunger.

The body 10 of the valve has a bore 11 of decreased diameter at the inner or discharge end and enlarged at its outer end to receive the follower 12, spring- 13 and nut 14. The valve or plan er 15 has an enlarged portion 16 slidable 1n the bore 11 and provided with packing grooves 17 to prevent leakage of the fuel. The outer end of the valve is reduced to rovide a shoulder 18 and extends throug the follower, spring and nut, the follower bearing against the shoulder 18. An opening 19 communicates with a recess 20 in the body and provides a drain for any fuel that may leak past the packing rooves 17. Fuel is supplied through a diagonal passage 21 in the valve body. A steel disk 22 secured to the valve body by a nut 23 has a recess 24, the bottom of which forms a seat for the reduced cylindrical end 25 of the valve and has an aperture 26 through which the fuel is sprayed. A- shoulder 27 on the valve has a -pluralit of fuel slots 28 and. contacts with the dis 22 to prevent pounding of the reduced end of the valve on the seat in closing.

In operation, a fuel pump driven from the engine in time relation to the piston is connected to the fuel passage 21 to deliver fuel thereto at high pressure. The discharge stroke of the pump begins when the engine of its compression stroke and continues for a variable time depending on the speed and load on the engine. Pressure of the fuel on the enlarged portion 16 of the valve opens it against the pressure of'the spring 13, spraying the fuel 10s a i through the nozzle into the engine cylinder. At the end of the delivery stroke of the pump, pressure in the passages 21 and 11 will be relieved and the valve closed by the pressure of the spring 13 on the follower 12 and shoulder 18. The closing of the valve is instantaneous when the reduced'flat end 25 comes in contact with the seat over the aperture, the shoulder 27 which is of relatively large area, striking the face of the disk at-the same time so that the reduced end is relieved of the shock of closing. Duringthe last interval of closing of the valve, oil filling the flaring recess24 escapes backward through the grooves 28 into the space is small and it continues to emerge at a high velocity even when the valve 25 is very close to its seat, finally the remaining film between these two surfaces at the time the flow of oil ceases and just before the valve domes into metallic contact with its seat is very small in area, the amount which then squashes out into opening 26 is very small, therefore, the tip of'the nozzle remains clean and no fuel is lost in dribbling as is usually the case with other types of nozzles.

Having thus described one form of our invention, What we claim as new and desire to secure by Letters Patent is:

1. In a fuel nozzle, a body having a longitudinal bore, a valve having an enlarged portion freely slidable in the bore and having a reduced cylindrical fiat end, a valve seat at one end of the body having a central aperture, the seat having a flat bottomed frustro-conical recess co-axial with the aperture and adapted to receive the reduced end of the valve, and means for pressing the reduced end of the valve against the flat bottom of the recess to close the-aperture.

2. In a fuel nozzle, a body having a longitudinal bore, a disk secured to the body and having a recess terminating in a flat seat surrounding'an orifice, a valve movable in the bore and having a flat reduced end adapted to engage the seat and a shoulder adapted to engage the face of the disk adjacent the recess, the shoulder having a plurality of radial grooves, and means for pressing the valve against the seat.

3. In a fuel nozzle, a body having a longitudinal bore, a disk secured to the body and having a flaring recess terminating in a flat seat surrounding an orifice, a valve freely slidable in the bore, the valve having a reduced cylindrical end adapted to enter the recess and engage the seat and a shoulder adapted to engage the face of the disk, and resilient means for forcing the valve toward the seat.

4. In a fuel nozzle, a body having a longitudinal bore, a disk secured to the body and having a flaring recess'terminating in a flat seat surrounding an orifice, a valve slidable in the bore, the valve having a reduced cylindrical end adapted to enter the recess and engage the seat and a shoulder adapted to engage the face of the disk, the shoulder having a plurality of grooves, and means for forcin the valve toward the seat.

5. In a uel nozzle, :1 body havin a longitudinal bore, a disk secured to the having a-frustro-conical recess terminating in a Hat seat surrounding an orifice, and a valve slidable in the bore, the valve having a radially grooved shoulder terminating in a reduced cylindrical portion adapted to close the orifice, the frustro-conical recess and radial grooves in the shoulder being in communication when the valve is closed.

In testimony whereof we affix our signatures.

LEOIOLD F. BURGER. \VILLIAM F. BORGERD.

body and 

